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- <text id=89TT1278>
- <title>
- May 15, 1989: Argentina:A Test For Latin Democracy
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1989
- May 15, 1989 Waiting For Washington
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- WORLD, Page 46
- ARGENTINA
- A Test for Latin Democracy
- </hdr><body>
- <p>Who will lead the country out of its financial mess?
- </p>
- <p> The candidate, sporting bushy, graying muttonchop
- sideburns, navel-baring shirts and a gold cross, stumps the land
- in a bubble-domed mobile home. He is known for driving sports
- cars, squiring starlets and playing tennis. His oratory is
- lackluster, but he compensates with charisma and charm. And
- though Carlos Saul Menem may give uninspired speeches, people
- listen when he delivers his trademark finish. "Follow me!" he
- shouts. "For the hunger of the poor children, for the sadness
- of the rich children, follow me!" By now the crowds are roaring.
- "I'm not going to deceive you," he concludes. "Follow me!"
- </p>
- <p> Argentina may have to, if Carlos Menem, running for
- President on the Peronist ticket, wins next Sunday's election.
- Nearly one-quarter of Argentines are still undecided, but Menem
- is leading and has a good chance to become the first elected
- civilian since 1928 to succeed another full-term civilian
- President. If so, he would also bring back the popular but
- chaotic politics of Peronism, a controversial -- and volatile
- -- blend of populism, nationalism and Roman Catholicism.
- </p>
- <p> The orderly transfer of power says a good deal about this
- election. With more than half a dozen presidential elections in
- Latin America this year, what has been a rising tide of
- democracy may be reaching a crest. Loaded down with debt,
- crippled economies throughout the hemisphere could swamp some
- of these frail experiments. But Argentina, for one, is no longer
- deciding whether to have democracy, just what kind of democracy
- to have.
- </p>
- <p> Despite a restless military and the uncertain character of
- a Peronist government, this election is about economics.
- Argentina is flirting with financial disaster. Since last month
- alone, the country's currency, the austral, has plummeted from
- 51 to 86 to the dollar. The country's foreign debt stands at $57
- billion, and the annual inflation rate is 3,600%. Says Argentine
- novelist Jose Pablo Feiman: "We are close to social explosion."
- </p>
- <p> What caused Argentina's fall? Some Argentines blame the
- legacy of Juan Peron, who took power in 1946, was ousted by the
- military in 1955, then returned to rule from 1973 until his
- death the following year. Peronism established a "corporative
- state," in which labor and business struck pacts of cooperation
- under state management. From their privileged position, the
- country's Peronist-controlled unions paralyzed whole sectors of
- the economy at will. The result, say critics, has been a deadly
- spiral of decreased competition and productivity.
- </p>
- <p> But others fault outgoing President Raul Alfonsin, who
- cannot succeed himself, for failing to fulfill the surge of
- national optimism that swept him into office in 1983, ending
- nearly eight years of military rule. Applauded for his
- commitment to human rights, Alfonsin promised that a stable
- democracy would solve the nation's problems. It didn't, and
- Argentines grew disenchanted as the economy worsened. The
- military, meanwhile, has been moving back into politics. In
- three uprisings since 1987, two right-wing colonels demanded
- better pay and an end to what they saw as unfair political
- persecution. Only a public outpouring of support for democracy
- foiled the attempted coups.
- </p>
- <p> Argentines are now looking for a government that works.
- That should favor Eduardo Angeloz, the candidate of Alfonsin's
- ruling Radical party, but it also forces him to run against his
- predecessor's failed economic policies. A deft administrator
- and governor of prosperous Cordoba province, Angeloz espouses
- a program of deregulation, privatization and increased foreign
- investment.
- </p>
- <p> Menem has yet to articulate his own economic program beyond
- the classic Peronist bromides. He promises eventual higher
- wages to the workers who form the core of his support, then
- promises businessmen that the economy will be put in order. He
- has announced, and retracted, such plans as a moratorium on
- paying Argentina's staggering foreign debt and establishing
- sovereignty over the disputed Falkland Islands. But what Menem
- lacks in substance, he makes up for with his flashy, macho
- style. The son of Syrian immigrants, Menem has risen from
- governor of the small La Rioja province to election front runner
- by sheer force of personality. His emotional directness and
- humility appeal to the "shirtless ones," who see the Radical
- party's policies as benefiting only the elite classes.
- "Alfonsin's government has been showing insensitivity to the
- lower classes," observes Feiman. "Menem represents the primitive
- values of Peronism."
- </p>
- <p> Under Argentina's electoral-college system, it is
- conceivable that Menem could win the popular vote and still lose
- the election. Should a majority of the college fail to settle
- on a candidate, the decision will pass to Congress. Not all
- Argentines are sure that the nation's institutions could
- withstand such a test. Nor are they sure Argentina could weather
- another bout of Peronism; Peron's first tour in the presidential
- residence and his third wife Isabel's term, from 1974 to 1976,
- both ended in military coups. Argentina may be facing both
- tests. "Society is learning how much to trust politicians," says
- pollster and political analyst Manuel Mora y Araujo. "It is a
- process of very deep, important change."
- </p>
-
- </body></article>
- </text>
-
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